A chatbot (or chatterbot, or chat bot) is a computer program designed to simulate an intelligent conversation with one or more human users via auditory or textual methods. Traditionally, the aim of such simulation has been to fool the user into thinking that the program’s output has been produced by a human (the Turing test). Programs playing this role are sometimes referred to as Artificial Conversational Entities, talk bots or chatterboxes. More recently, however, chatbot-like methods have been used for practical purposes such as online help, personalised service, or information acquisition, in which case the program is functioning as a type of conversational agent.
What distinguishes a chatbot from more sophisticated natural language processing systems is the simplicity of the algorithms used. Although many chatbots do appear to interpret human input intelligently when generating their responses, many simply scan for keywords within the input and pull a reply with the most matching keywords, or the most similar wording pattern, from a textual database.
The term “ChatterBot” was originally coined by Michael Mauldin (Creator of the first Verbot, Julia) in 1994 to describe these conversational programs.
The classic historic early chatterbots are ELIZA (1966) and PARRY (1972). More recent notable programs include A.L.I.C.E., Jabberwacky and D.U.D.E (Agence_Nationale_pour_la_Recherche and CNRS 2006). While ELIZA and PARRY were used exclusively to simulate typed conversation, many chatterbots now include functional features such as games and web searching abilities. In 1984 a book called The Policeman’s Beard is Half Constructed was published, allegedly written by the chatbot Racter (though the program as released would not have been capable of doing so).
A.L.I.C.E., the Alicebot engine, and AIML
A.L.I.C.E. (Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity) is an award-winning free natural language artificial intelligence chat robot. The software used to create A.L.I.C.E. is available as free (“open source”) Alicebot and AIML software.
Try talking to A.L.I.C.E.just like a real person, but remember you are really chatting with a machine! A.L.I.C.E.’s Alicebot engine utilizes AIML (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language) to form responses to yourquestions and inputs.
Unlike other commercial chat robot software costing thousands of dollars, the Alicebot engine and AIML are freely available under the terms of the GNU General Public License (used by GNU/Linux and thousands of other software projects). The A.L.I.C.E. project includes hundreds of contributors from around the world.
Here is an example for A.L.I.C.E. aplication: Arianna. Talk with Arianna and pass a god time 
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More about:
http://www.pandorabots.com/pandora/talk?botid=ff6b5b65ae345ec8
http://www.pandorabots.com/
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